Media Failures:
Media failure refers to a physical issue with a storage disk or tape, essentially malfunctioning hardware.
Consequences: Media failure prevents reading or writing data from or to the affected disk data file, potentially impacting database operations such as backups and real-time updates.
Impact: Media failures result in data loss or corruption of data files.
If a disk malfunctions, the application or the users might be unable to read or write the data from the database (Stored in data files). Having a backup ensures the recovery of data. Disaster recovery strategies are crucial for such catastrophic events.
Application Errors:
Software or Code bugs can corrupt the data blocks, leading to physical data file corruption or logical data corruption. While physical file corruption may render the block unusable, logical file corruption may be repaired using Block Media recovery.
User Errors:
Accidentally deleting a record from a table or executing a job that deletes a bunch of data may lead to database unavailability or errors. It is noted that recent statistics from experts say that database unavailability or database-related errors on a day-to-day basis are related to User errors. This downtime may sometimes be categorized as localized or widespread. User training and Access management can help prevent these issues.
References:
1. My Experience.
2. Oracle Documentation.
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