RMAN backup can be done in Consistent and Inconsistent ways,
Consistent Backup
Oracle database is said to be consistent when you shut down the database with the SHUTDOWN NORMAL, SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE, or SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL commands, which means Oracle offers three shutdown methods (NORMAL, IMMEDIATE, and TRANSACTIONAL) to ensure data consistency. These three methods wait for ongoing transactions to complete, or they roll back. This eliminates incomplete changes that may lead to an inconsistent state. Also, This guarantees that all redo logs have been applied to the data files. Redo logs record every database change. Applying them ensures all changes are reflected before shutdown.
Inconsistent Backup
A backup made when the database is in open mode is called Inconsistent. This is because while the database is open, data is constantly being changed and updated. Backing up while this happens means there's a higher chance of capturing the data in an incomplete state.
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